swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

violin--Ray Nance), (3) trumpet--Rex Stewart, (4) tenor saxBen Webster, By the 1930s, these and other cities became major centers for the development of the swing style. But there were a few instrumental popular hits, such as Count Basie's "One O'Clock Jump" and Miller's "In the Mood." 3. Other female bands were led by trumpeter B. trumpeter Miles DAVIS, and baritone Which of the following changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? By the late 1930s, prosperity was returning, and records and radio were extremely helpful in publicizing jazz. interacts with the bass and drums, and how the beat is divided up in complex For the trumpet and trombone players, the most common configuration is 2-1-3-4, from the director's . During the "Roaring is exactly what the jazz musician does to keep track of the blues formone Young, who also studied violin, trumpet and drums, displayed an excellent sense of melody in his lyrical soloing. One Oclock Jump: The Unforgettable History of the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. [29], An arrangement's first chorus is sometimes preceded by an introduction, which may be as short as a few measures or may extend to a chorus of its own. Latin-based rock idiom). Modern big bands can be found playing all styles of jazz music. was introduced with greater emphasis on the soloist. KC Jazz is characterised by: And because KC Jazzsongs were riff based, they were often played from memory by the band (rather than from sheet music). hbbd``b`:$g@Hp,@,Fb 0 O3 - The ANDREWS SISTERS: The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy Count Basies music contains lively rhythms, economic piano style, and a relaxed swing sound. The most prominent features of big band swing were the use of written arrangements and improvised solos, repetitive horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie type bass lines. (optional) Select some text on the page (or do this before you open the "Notes" drawer). In the fifties, the emergence of rock-and-roll would capture broad attention as jazz moved in new artistic directions. The "white" bands of Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, Tommy Dorsey, Shep Fields and, later, Glenn Miller were more popular than their "black" counterparts from the middle of the decade. is called the ", The Then circle the object of the preposition. Glenn Miller used a clarinet over his saxophone for identification. in Blue (1925). Ra's eclectic music was played by a roster of musicians from ten to thirty and was presented as theater, with costumes, dancers, and special effects.[1]. Yes drums are like the Roux or Fil in Gumbo. DG Ch 6-10 - Flashcards | StudyHippo.com A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. such works incorporate certain elements of the jazz tradition, there is not even [21] Bandleaders are typically performers who assemble musicians to form an ensemble of various sizes, select or create material for them, shape the musics dynamics, phrasing, and expression in rehearsals, and lead the group in performance often while playing alongside them. Duke Ellington wrote a song in 1931 titled It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing), and for a generation of music lovers those were words to live by. Company" vocal jazz ensemble performing a the Lincoln Center in New York There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and Id sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words., A lot of singers think all they have to do is exercise their tonsils to get ahead. As swing developed, the second player became responsible for most of the jazz solos. A standard big band consists of saxes, trumpets and trombones with a rhythm section. The 1930's brought a new style of jazz "big band swing". virtuosity. initiated by a 4-measure lead-in improvised over a "C" chord Western swing musicians also formed popular big bands during the same period. These musical ensembles associated with the swing era. When the tradition came back full-circle into vocal jazz with a He was also one The swing era is thought to be the best time to consider big band music as a concept for music fans. In the 1970s, popular fusion groups included BLOOD, SWEAT & TEARS, CHICAGO, and SANTANA Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. African American big band arrangers such as Fletcher Henderson and Eddie Durham were major contributors to the success of white bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and Glen Miller. Other renowned vocalists are blues singers Jimmy Rushing with You Can Depend on Me and Joe Williamss Roll Em Pete, featured with the Count Basie Orchestra, whose repertoire included ballads, jazz and pop standards. Jazz elements into his famous musical, They were assisted by a band full of talent: Coleman Hawkins on tenor saxophone, Louis Armstrong on cornet, and multi-instrumentalist Benny Carter, whose career lasted into the 1990s.[1]. Chapter Six: "In the Mood": the Swing Era, 1935-1945 They danced to recordings and the radio and attended live concerts. They were knowledgeable and often biased toward their favorite bands and songs, and sometimes worshipful of famous soloists and vocalists. the 1930s, famed jazz pianists Edward "Duke" The music of Count Basie (19041984) represents a leading voice in the big band style. How Did Buddy Bolden Influence The Way Back To The Birth Of Jazz? - ipl.org Since theyre built of brass, saxophones tend to produce a trumpet-like buzzing sound. Improvisation: This can be best described as "composing and (String Bass or Electric Bass), plucked with the fingers, often providing a [48][49][50] Big band remotes on the major radio networks spread the music from ballrooms and clubs across the country during the 1930s and 1940s, with remote broadcasts from jazz clubs continuing into the 1950s on NBC's Monitor. And they played dance music. Although A large string instrument with an extremely low pitch, the Double Bass is a staple of most swing bands. The Timeline of African American Music by Portia K. Maultsby, Ph.D. presents the remarkable diversity of African American music, revealing the unique characteristics of each genre and style, from the earliest folk traditions to present-day popular music. While all my lessons are free, if you find them useful please consider donating to help keep them coming. Swing bands adopted a consistent instrumentation of four sections that remained fairly stable. The composer writes original music that will be performed by individuals or groups of various sizes, while the arranger adapts the work of composers in a creative way for a performance or recording. trombones Swing music appealed most dramatically to this demographic group: teenagers A "shout chorus" is: the final, climactic chorus in an arrangement Which changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? Special thanks to Dr. Portia K. Maultsby and to the Advisory Scholars for their commitment and thought-provoking contributions to this resource. $27.95. His music was a combination of solo and ensemble playing. Ellington expanded Armstrong's small [14][12][13] [15][16][17][18], Twenty-first century big bands can be considerably larger than their predecessors, exceeding 20 players, with some European bands using 29 instruments and some reaching 50. YouTube clip with basic piano chords). In Harlem, the creative and literary arts, Black musicals, and big band entertainment flourished within the movement known as the Harlem Renaissance, in which music played as great or possibly a greater role than literature. Jazz vocalists during this era were highly influenced by horn players. The swing style developed in the 1930s and continued to be popular throughout the 1940s and beyond as a distinctive genre. Ch 7 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet Jazz Big Band Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" - Duke Ellington & Ella Fitzgerald, It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing),, Kansas City was the swingingest sound in the world. Other swing bands in New York City and beyond incorporated the defining elements associated with the Kansas City tradition to which they added their own stamp, as did Chick Webb and His Orchestra (Stomping at the Savoy, 1934), and Lionel Hampton and His Orchestra (Flying Home, 1942). - Columbia, Victor, and Decca were the three most important, Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and. These consist of the independent use of trumpet, trombone, saxophone, and rhythm section with the use of soloists. The instrumental lineup of a big band will vary from ensemble to ensemble, but is typically composed of around 17 musicians, divided into four sections: five saxophones; four trombones; four trumpets; a rhythm section of piano, double bass and drums; Common additions might include guitar, french horn, tuba or a vocalist. The first jazz concert, called A Swing Music Concert took place in 1936 in New York City. This form maintains the same chord Phil Spitalny, a native of Ukraine, led a 22-piece female orchestra known as Phil Spitalny and His Hour of Charm Orchestra, named for his radio show, The Hour of Charm, during the 1930s and 1940s. completely abandoned the song's melody, which has made this style less They refuse to look for new ideas and new outlets, so they fall by the waysideIm going to try to find out the new ideas before the others do., I stole everything I ever heard, but mostly I stole from the horns.. . Cool Jazz But you also need to inject your style and personality into the music you make. Fish, Scott K. Duke Ellington vs Chick Webb: We Tore Them Up, Man. March 1, 2016. https://scottkfish.com/2016/03/01/5221/. Benny GOODMAN (1909-1986): Sing, Sing, Sing! syllables). here to see a YouTube video on "swing" groove vs. other types of style promoted by Ornette COLEMAN and John COLTRANE), which has raised a continuing controversy about The International Sweethearts of Rhythm, the first multiethnic all-female swing band, formed in 1937 at Piney Woods County Life School, Mississippi. The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 19301945. And what better instrument to provide a bona fide rhythm for a swing band than a set of drums? Benny Goodman (19091986) was a superior clarinetist who began appearing on stage by the age of twelve. - the tuba was replaced the string bass - the banjo was replaced the guitar - (a&c on test) sense means to merge styles together. The popularity of their bands in the mainstream reveals the extent to which jazz and blues had become the most popular dance music of the 1930s and 1940s. !/$v}5cliH_+B9W#PBY]C ::B) Other methods of embellishing the form include modulations and cadential extensions. leaders in America. These bands had identifiable leaders, such as Glenn Miller and the Dorsey brothers, who placed their individual stamps on their musical arrangements. Orleans musicians begin to consolidate the drum section (bass, snare, cymbals) commonly found in early New Orleans brass bands. As a result of the military draft and transportation hardships in the U.S., the swing era ended quickly. ways. American sound has fascinated listeners, performers and composers around the here to see a YouTube clip on jazz improvisation, click here to see animated Jimmy Rushing, Oklahoma City native and early member of the Blue Devils, set a style in blues and jazz that was imitated widely by others. Characteristics of Music: Swing | The Music Studio Guiding Principals. :vQxc!#\JK?1UshqkF~[!eO W,{(HBjkps~'O;5lR. progression and the same number of measures/beats, but it may be applied to [32] They experiment, often with one player coming up with a simple musical figure leading to development within the same section and then further expansion by other sections, with the entire band then memorizing the way they are going to perform the piece, without writing it on sheet music. began to emerge from the vocal blues For this reason the pianists left hand generally just played chords on the beat; while his right hand built rhythmic patterns around chords and chord tone, and especially guide tone often just playing arpeggios or simple bluesy licks. The Cotton Club, Harlem, New York City, early 1930s. Bob Hope, Shep Fields and The Rippling Rhythm Revue", Photograph of Bob Hope as master of ceremonies on the "Rippling Rhythm Revue" Show in 1937 on Gettyimages, State University of New York, Fredonia. In the 1950s, Stan Kenton referred to his band's music as "progressive jazz", "modern", and "new music". Playing multiple riffs playing at once as a kind of call and response. And they played dance music. In the 1960s and 1970s, big band rock became popular by integrating such musical ingredients as progressive rock experimentation, jazz fusion, and the horn choirs often used in blues and soul music, with some of the most prominent groups including Chicago; Blood, Sweat and Tears; Tower of Power; and, from Canada, Lighthouse. Radio increased the fame of Benny Goodman, the "Pied Piper of Swing". Big bands uplifted morale during World War II. Figure 3: WMU's "Gold Above all else, Swing music is dance music which means it was: This also meant it was incredibly commercial. The rhythm section of the Benny Goodman Trio and Quartet excluded which instrument? freedom vs. chaos. ELLINGTON and William "Count" In the [28] This development may take the form of improvised solos, written solo sections, and "shout choruses". IMPORTANT MUSICIANS: Louis Armstrong (cornet/trumpet), Bix Beiderbecke (cornet), Jelly Roll Morton (piano/composer), Sidney Bechet (soprano sax, clarinet), Earl "Fatha" Hines (piano) Swing/Big Band Era (1930-1945) Bio Big Band Theory BERNSTEIN also incorporated Cool Hammond, John. Sometimes bandstands were too small, public address systems inadequate, pianos out of tune. Big Band Arranging | 2 | Getting Started Evan Rogers | Orchestrator serene style of "cool jazz" became the rage on the west coast. The Lead players (alto sax 1, trombone 1 and trumpet 1) should be in the middle of their sections, in a direct line with one another. In 1927, he taught music at Manassas High School in Memphis and organized a student jazz band. woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up black jazz musicians developed an intense harmony. Beside her vocal timbre, her unique style delayed the placement of words and phrases compared with the musical pulse, producing a behind-the-beat effect that became her trademark. In the early 1970s, Miles Davis began exploring PDF Chapter Six: "In the Mood": the Swing Era, 1935-1945 Instead of just embellishing the melody, he created a whole new melody based on the songs harmony by arpeggiating the chords and adding further chord alterations and substitutions to make his solo more complex. often feature virtuoso performers, on Charlie Parkers album South of the Border illustrated the influence of this genre on a bop artist, and the Tokyo Cuban Boys, an Afro-Cuban band dating from the postWorld War II years, exemplified the musics international appeal. When new arrangements are written, they are usually in the same style as the original band. jw7(W3;TEd5SOBmlyb./hh IOQ,+B}I\fT-q\ dJ(0!GF>B)- |0~J;:AC*: Y3[.(&=>:UU5aH@ZLLEc))3c.mcX=ia&1cy]aE~9CB7L_ The moral? [33] During the 1930s, Count Basie's band often used head arrangements, as Basie said, "we just sort of start it off and the others fall in. Until the political climate changes in Chile, Allende will write from her current home in intricate fast rhythms and tremendous Check them out, though Im sure you would already recognise many of them. and the Lincoln Center Jazz The Dorsey Brothers started with a large-band version of Dixieland featuring singer Bob Crosby who later developed his own band. Figure 1: The Western Jazz Quartet (piano: The band severed ties with the school in 1941 to claim professional status. Her version of the nursery rhyme A-Tisket, A-Tasket (1938) brought her international fame. He received his BA in Political Science from the University of Chicago and an M.A. Swing as Popular Music 1. Mary Lou Williams (19101981) was the first woman in jazz history to compose and arrange for a large jazz band. The Timeline of African American Music has been made possible in part by a major grant from theNational Endowment for the Humanities: Democracy demands wisdom. It was mostly performed by Big Bands, which were large orchestras divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section (which consisted of the drums, bass, guitar and piano). This would go back and forth a number of times. A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section.Big bands originated during the early 1910s and dominated jazz in the early 1940s when swing was most popular. The repertoire of swing bands featured both jazz and popular arrangements. Air blown into the tube of the saxophone reverberates as it hits the brass tubing. Fletcher Henderson's career started when he was persuaded to audition for a job at Club Alabam in New York City, which eventually turned into a job as bandleader at the Roseland Ballroom. As swing developed, the second player became responsible for most of the jazz solos. [51] Fictionalized biographical films of Glenn Miller, Gene Krupa, and Benny Goodman were made in the 1950s. [1], Duke Ellington led his band at the Cotton Club in Harlem. While bassists can use a bow to vibrate the strings, swing band bassists will frequently pluck the strings instead. Since the 1920s, Jazz and His Mother Called Him Bill, featured "Blood Count" and "Lotus Blossom," was a tribute album to . Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to this day. Swing is sandwiched between two huge historical events. These artists added new instrumentssuch as congas, other percussion instruments, timbales, maracas, and clavesand relied on powerful multi-rhythmic pulses to highlight jazz compositions within the big band as well as the small combo formats. widespread popularity of big band/swing was accelerated by the rise of dozens PDF Swing/Big Band Era (1930-1945) - Learn Jazz Standards In the mid-1930s and early 1940s, But on performance day, this band of Lab rats replaces the high-tech gizmos with trumpets, saxophones, trombones, drums and a piano. '20s," "HOT" JAZZ From three to five plyers on each instrument might be used. Williams is considered one of the great jazz pianists and one of the greatest performers from Kansas City. His "C" Fitzgerald recorded several standards that became hit songs. Traveling conditions and lodging were difficult, in part due to segregation in most parts of the United States, and the personnel often had to perform having had little sleep and food. Vocalists began to strike out on their own. Click here for a FREE preview of The Classic Swing Bands newest CD Ballroom Dance Favorites.. Figure 2: Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis They provide the base, the foundation on which the rest of the music can thrive. John Coltrane's "hard bop" of In New Orleans, black [4] While most big bands dropped the previously common jazz clarinet from their arrangements (other than the clarinet-led orchestras of Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman), many Duke Ellington songs had clarinet parts,[5] often replacing or doubling one of the tenor saxophone parts; more rarely, Ellington would substitute baritone sax for bass clarinet, such as in "Ase's Death" from Swinging Suites. NY: Penguin Books:1977. And this is where the term head comes from, meaning the original melody of the song that is, its all in your head, not written down on paper. Boyd Raeburn drew from symphony orchestras by adding flute, French horn, strings, and timpani to his band. These smaller groups would play during intermissions of the larger band. has complex syncopated polyrhythms, (3) expressive "blue" (bent As I said before, Swing music is played by Big Bands. (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the . How relevant do you believe the poem is today? Hickman relied on Ferde Grof, Whiteman on Bill Challis. [25] Billy Strayhorn, for example, was a prolific composer and arranger, frequently collaborating with Duke Ellington, but rarely took on the role of bandleader, which was assumed by Ellington, who himself was a composer and arranger. Swing Shift: All Girl Bands of the 1940s. 1570 0 obj <>stream an important catalyst in the socio-political and artistic transformation of Jazz Appreciation ICQ (In-Class Quiz) #6 Hearing The Difference: Bebop and Swing - know the three major aural differences between these two eras The Swing Era: The Players and The Features - know names of artists; lists of features-Societal features Jazz's most popular eradominated the mainstream of American popular music Purpose of music primarily for dancing Millions of records sold . Jazz began in New Orleans in the instruments (Saxophone, trumpet, clarinet, trombone, flute, vibraphone, etc.). Loops are played at 120 and 125 bpm. He created his band as a vehicle for his compositions. In the 1940s, an intensely virtuosic and This Whiteman was educated in classical music, and he called his new band's music symphonic jazz. Many bands featured strong instrumentalists whose sounds dominated, such as the clarinets of Benny Goodman and Artie Shaw, the trombone of Jack Teagarden, the trumpet of Harry James, the drums of Gene Krupa, and the vibes of Lionel Hampton. You must have javascript enabled to view this website. bWkwf>JW'wJj_]6/?NxP]-0_wg"2;WjbuY5sujr7g/sueG>trp~ZBV7]M(//m!o/f[^fb]x>f]aX?UnAW|ng)]s? * of jazz Here are the five most common swing band instruments, and how they commonly fit into swing music. Blues tradition, then became popular with white listeners during the World War Up until the Swing Era improvisation was essentially just playing the melody with some embellishments. until you reach Kansas City was busy with musical activity from the early 1920s to about 1938. attractive to general listeners. trombonist Glenn MILLER incorporated Big bands generally have four sections: trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and a rhythm section of guitar, piano, double bass, and drums. California. 1560 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<10C156E632F2BA46ADA9AD0651C7900F><95985AC68A5B3B44A7FED2E54018B539>]/Index[1554 17]/Info 1553 0 R/Length 52/Prev 145355/Root 1555 0 R/Size 1571/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 1554 0 obj <> endobj trombone. The stage was set up with five saxophones, two altos, two tenors, and one baritone, stage front left with four trombones directly behind them, and three trumpets at the back, the electric guitar was in center stage with . 2. Dixieland and the Swing Era - Jazz in America In contrast to the typical jazz emphasis on improvisation, big bands relied on written compositions and arrangements. jazz techniques into a more heavily-arranged "big-band" white swing 3. Swing music ruled the airwaves and the dance floors throughout the 1930s to the mid-40s, and the artists that led swing bands became internationally beloved celebrities. Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and trombones The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. of main line "crooners" such as Bing A cheap & cheerful collection of up-tempo sax, trumpet and trombone funky licks featuring over 350 ensemble phrases, solos, trills and stabs for house, disco, electro-swing and quirky big-band-infused electronica. Swing was hugely popular in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930s. Starting in the early 1900s, various jazz and traditions have singing" (in which he sings like an instrument on scat His music uses Eastern rhythms, meters, and advanced rhythmic techniques. So band leaders used various arrangement techniques to keep the song interesting, such as: Tutti (all horns playing a melodic line in harmony), Soli (one section featured playing a melodic line in harmony), Shout Chorus (climatic tutti section at the end of the arrangement), Riffs (repeated short melodic and/or rhythmic pattern), Call and Response Riffs (often between the horns and the rhythm section), Solos (single person improvising usually behind a relatively simple harmonic background), Swing Music was smooth, easy-listening and simple. Unit 5 Up until that time, it was viewed with ridicule and looked upon as a curiosity. In swing, the saxophone was usually featured as the leading instrumental soloist. . However, some of the major artists, such as Ellington and Basie, provided much of the music for their orchestras themselves. saxophonist Gerry MULLIGAN (of the Gerry Mulligan Quartet Tucker, Sherrie. Many of the better known bands reflected the individuality of the bandleader, the lead arranger, and the personnel. Here are the five most common swing band instruments, and how they commonly fit into swing music. A ballad is a simple song, usually romantic in nature, and uses the same melody for each stanza. When you mentioned the word Jazz to the average person, they probably think of Swing music, and for good reason. They had the Blue Devils. Many bands toured the country in grueling one-night stands. A drummer, bass player (string bass), piano player, and guitarist formed the rhythm section. Fletcher Henderson and Don Redman are credited with having created the formula for swing arrangements. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Concert can keep track of this form by counting to 4 twelve times ("1 2 3 4", "2 2 3 4", "3 2 3 4", "4 2 3 4", "5 2 3 4", etc.

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