which of the following is a pathogen quizlet

endobj False b. IgM -An employee who is exposed to a pathogen during the course of regular work duties. Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called. On encountering the pathogen, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies into our blood. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 2: Statistics & Pathophysiology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Infect healthy rats with the pathogen (i.e., the wild-type strain) and observe signs of disease (phenotype).Identify the gene that is responsible for the production of the fimbriae. 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity, { "15.01:_Characteristics_of_Infectious_Diseases" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15.02:_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15.03:_Virulence_Factors" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15.04:_Aseptic_Techniques" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15.E:_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity_(Exercises)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get 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(Exercises), [ "article:topic", "authorname:openstax", "showtoc:no", "license:ccby", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology" ], https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMicrobiology%2FMicrobiology_(OpenStax)%2F15%253A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity%2F15.E%253A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity_(Exercises), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( 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EKG, MHC <> a. There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. You have recently identified a new toxin. complimentary Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? have enzymes which react with antigens. *People with allergies produce ten times more IgE than those people without allergies. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. (c) What initiates the period of decline? B. School Georgia State University; Course Title MATH 2212; Type. 83209Bi{ }_{83}^{209} \mathrm{Bi}83209Bi or 96242Cm{ }_{96}^{242} \mathrm{Cm}96242Cm. 4. a. pathogens b. nonpathogens c. opportunistic pathogens d. indigenous microflora e. saprophytes: Term. pa help po sagutan 10 words lang po ok na po thanks po 21. Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . I will be given an exposure plan by my clinical instructor/coordinator detailing what steps I should take if I am exposed to a potentially infectious source while at my clinical site. 36. Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. *Cytotoxic T cells contain perforin molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens. 36. The relative risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is great. Adhesins are usually located on __________ of the pathogen and are composed mainly of __________ and __________. passive, neutral 20. Section: 07.03, Shaun was in need of a kidney transplant. OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 is directed towards which healthcare concern? We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. C. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen c. employers must have written airborne pathogen exposure control plans I'm workspace. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? It is important to understand and follow your employer's policies regarding bloodborne pathogens. q"]dg' ~2CqfR Z:+ C2'\&zQH4U^;D},}y 7HhTKy/5z'/wj\jB}H+Dzzke/}^bTY9bH]K0mY&0 j0#\0p(-&T"vUYIAcD+Hdb->[[~@+u@*i!VI7kiT.&S6dI&ezre^Zm;U;-)oR.s. ~s9(kB4)a26;]DP/>EahC_6KaKfho s2Lr`P(L"eG5dM|cGzU\BVszPdQj-XT2%dsg*fs9]XG%ZZ4cCzaOOzdivV> Automatically remove your image background. Period of decline = pathogen particles start to decline - slightly less than maximum True Employees who have an occupational exposure risk to blood or OPIM are to be offered the hepatitis B vaccination at no cost. There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. stream neutral, active, active, passive Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, April Lynch, Jerome Kotecki, Karen Vail-Smith, Laura Bonazzoli, Janet L. Hopson, Rebecca J. Donatelle, Tanya R. Littrell. HBV is known to have survived in dried blood for up to ____ days and pose a serious risk of exposure during that time. 3. List the types of substances to which each of the following chromatographic methods is most applicable: The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. False, True C Protozoa Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. 22. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. Noise Term 7zP$>O Zcm62b* . Which pathogen is non-living? Modify the Programming Project from earlier chapter so that the program reads a series of items from a file and displays the data in columns. Definition. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brians case. - 12838571. alexis1713 alexis1713 06/18/2019 Health Middle School answered Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. histamine. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier. C white blood cells. ;N>!yOl9;F/QZ~>$l{i"ZIW&t"NJV\fpL[ #T&~3-#b|Cs?^(qVtRgCi)b/)VEf8*5a=b\UZA`p\-X4U%PoHq+*`4#.CG 6Bmt{#&K-S paiYWkv'LgeWIZ IV.# ^Y9+~q)_rAfbomv%el Definition. Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. True D. fimbriae, 14. 2. C Athlete's foot and ringworm -Cough etiquette Can you place a MediaView in multiple Panes? *Certain complement proteins involved in the membrane attack complex kill foreign microbes by causing them to burst. Identify the similarities and differences between a lake and a stream. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. Blood splash to the nose Needle stick Through the air Blood exposure to skin that is chapped or abraded 7, Which of the following is the appropriate place to dispose of glass pieces from broken slides or ampules? 26. antibodies. Since fungal infections are of a certain type of microorganism, areas o fhte that can be infected include all but which of the following? a targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule. If clearly labeled, food and drink are permitted in areas where BBP exposures may occur. Consider the leg as two rods joined rigidly together at the knee; the axis for the leg is the hip joint. Multiple Choice. - the virulence factors are: aflatoxin & gliotoxin B Inchworms Which of the following is the most likely explanation? Section: 07.03, In ______ immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens while in ______ immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. IgG )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 rheumatoid arthritis __ escribo correos a mi mejor amigo. Approximately how many people are affected by nosocomial infections each year in the United States? Some helminths are so large that the immune system is ineffective against them. Which of the following must a pathogen possess in order for it to be successful at causing infectious disease? 1 0 obj Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Bloodborne diseases are most commonly spread through mother-to-child transmission, unprotected sex, and:, Which of the following describes proper use of PPE to safeguard against exposure to bloodborne pathogens?, If you are exposed to a bloodborne pathogen while at work, your employer must offer you post-exposure evaluation and . difficulty breathing, difficulty breathing D Protozoan, Unit 7: Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Awareness, Honors English III Final Exam- Vocab and Rhet, Spanish Exam Speaking Questions and Answers, Dutton's Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention. 4 0 obj :lL2ti+KXP? toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? helps other immune responses. eosinophils and basophils 35 Questions Show answers Question 1 10 seconds Q. An infection that was not found to be present prior to hospital admission. They must then receive a copy of the evaluation within ___ days, The hepatitis B virus can last for up to seven days outside of the body. *:Q ]+]lroYQ-Q$2B&qQ1pLOQ;tg# . a. pathogens 2 0 obj The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. Universal response b. Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. What are pathogens? Infected blood or OPIM may be transmitted through which of the following means? Since some bacteria in a biofilm are not actively growing (or are in exponential, or log, phase), they would not be affected by antibiotics. False, True D Viruses, Which childhood disease causes infantile paralysis? B red blood cells. Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? A) the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. They are both forms of active immunity. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. Humoral immunity: The B-cells produce an army of proteins is response to the pathogen. budding yeast with an elaborate capsule Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the lungs and central . It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. active It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. False, False They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. -Safe injection practices, "The use of ""safer"" medical eqipment such as self-capping needles or self-sheathing scalples would be part of what aspect of an Exposure Plan?". One response of the human immune. eqR)BZZt[A In July 2015, a report was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? AIDS D. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. *Since viruses are not surrounded by a membrane, the membrane attack complex is ineffective against them. It promotes blood clotting. 30. Likewise, hand washing does not eliminate the need for the use of gloves. - it is an opportunistic pathogen Suppose X is Poisson distributed with parameter =2.\lambda=2.=2. Nosocomial diseases are acquired from hospital settings. passive, active Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? True or false: In an employer's exposure control plan, s/he is required to include a category called 'exposure determination'. 28. *(c) ion. 1. False 3. bacteria The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: A mucous membranes. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. If the lymph system did not do its job, what would be one of the consequences? swelling all of the following may contribute to urinary tract infections except? Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50 of 1 106 particles. B. leprosy-is a Mycobacterium leprae (a slow growing bacteria) #CarryOnLearning. *(a) gas-liquid. 33. Eleanor Noss Whitney, Ellie Whitney, Frances Sizer, DIET200 Chapter 4: Digestion and Absorption. bone marrow and thyroid Neglect rolling friction. a form of immune deficiency, anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The four main functions of inflammation are to protect the body from further damage, remove damaged tissue, repair tissue damage, and prevent the spread of infection. Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? Ability to damage the host The characteristics of a pathogen that determine its virulence include which of the following? Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. -The use of Personal A. a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cells B. a secondary host the pathogen can infect C. a surface protein the host immune system recognizes D. the ability to form a provirus A 10. Consider an airplane flying at a pressure altitude of 33,500 ft and a density altitude of 32,000 ft. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. TCR, BCR *Active immunity involves making your own antibodies against an antigen, whether it is introduced via an infection or a vaccination. a. A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. to avoid eating a high concentration of mercury, which food should you select, soybeans watered with water from the river, which of the following approaches could help reduce the risk of malaria in a city without introducing new risks to human populations, search for and remove items that could hold accumulated water. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Myasthenia gravis The tiniest and toughest pathogens are what? ____ 1. *Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the inflammatory response. Section: 07.05, All autoimmune diseases are caused strictly by environmental factors such as viral infections. B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; plasma cells form (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? Does the Earth really go around the Sun? A Bacteria 10. neutrophils and macrophages memory cell i0g:M&$"w I4EBKLVE^Jqrv>A5N\ a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure. (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. plasma cells form; B cell divides; B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR, antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form *The complement proteins "complement" certain other immune responses. One set of the body's defenses are called "innate." A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. In each of the following sentences, cross out any incorrect word and write the correct word above it. x[ms6|fj 2sMnNhKM*] $ rdIX>Nvjc/_vbU/vk?OuSmsv.^]N_sy3bH,eY|d|g1s9{v1Ogti~9]WrV==j5,4?iG^~%k/ejP7-0_kK_}wNE=?2|y= w 6eiW2xl z{5jW,>pJE$Bfl^b'ddQ8odUpfct{KY|{U;&I$t zrs,# @-"*1.!c?]sr[z}jeOg_W/_,lR"=58Nx? Microorganisms that do not cause disease. Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria. red blood cells, macrophages who should not get vaccinated for meningitis? Which of the following is not one of the functions of the lymphatic system? Section: 07.01. What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common? Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. a type of sking infection spread by direct skin-to-skin contact is what? The word pathogen can be defined as: a. all microrganisms b. all disease-causing microorganisms c. all insects d. all microscopic particles Definition b. all disease-causing microorganisms Term Which of the following is NOT an example of biohazard? 6. Which type of disease is this? endobj 29. innate If the acupuncture needles are not sterile, pathogens could enter skin tissue or blood vessels, potentially initiating an infection. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patients gum with a sharp instrument. Section: 07.02, Inflammation is normally a self-limiting process. helper T cell Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? (c) What initiates the period of decline? What is the most important thing that needs to match between him and the kidney donor? It is an injection of serum that contains antibodies. The hallmark symptoms of meningitis include all of the following except? True Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. %PDF-1.5 Which of the lymphatic organs is also part of the skeletal system? IgD Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? *Allergic responses are hypersensitivities (greater sensitivities). nonspecific Section: 07.02, Monocytes become what type of cell in the tissue? False 2. Section: 07.05, Human Anatomy Physiology Laboratory Manual Main Version, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. cytokines. *The acquired defense system will also recognize cancer cells with abnormal membrane proteins and destroy them. B red blood cells. B-cell mediated. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. True epinephrine. Draw the symbol that represents the pathogen. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. It is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrhea and the most common cause of foodborne-related hospitalizations and deaths. False, False A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? 16. All of the following are major forms of disease transmission except? they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. IgD antibodies signify the readiness of the B cells. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. False, True The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: A virus. microorganisms that cause disease varicella zoster is the cause of chickenpox hiv is the causative agent of AIDS Vectors include insects some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the a. urinary tract b. respiratory tract c. colob d. circulatory system c. Colon passive 11. damage resulting in cell lysis Margination is defined as the process in which monocytes stick to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection Which of the following pairs is mismatched? TCR A very hot 300 g copper cylinder is dropped into the water, causing the water to boil, with 5.00 g being converted to steam. basophils and macrophages When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. Which virus may be a contrututing factor in the development of cervical cancer? Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. Of the three options listed, which is the preferred method to protect employees from exposure to blood or OPIM? Uploaded By AndreaM8. neutrophils *Autoimmune diseases can be genetic or environmental. A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. hay fever which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _____, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _____, and the impact . They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. Section: 07.05, Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? Each line of The tile will have the following form: For example, suppose that the file contains the following lines: The output of the program should have the following appearance: Have the program obtain the file name from the command line. A healthcare worker not washing his/her hands. 3. Which of the following viruses lives permanently in the cells and flares up periodically? involves chemical barriers to entry. An employee, who has an occupational exposure potential with blood or OPIM, does not need to notify their supervisor as to the existence of an open sore. become plasma cells. Molecular Kochs postulates are used to determine what genes contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. Who is not at high risk for contracting MRSA? a vaccination. True Can you place a Media in multiple MediaPlayers? *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. Section: 07.05, Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by T lymphocytes. Which of the following are most likely to be pathogens a Macroparasites b. basophils Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. Multiple Choice Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract; this fungus always grows as a large. MHC Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. If you have a __________, you literally have a plant living on your body. Answer- Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms . Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. Cytokines are being investigated for a possible treatment of which disease? Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host 3. IgG a type of white blood cell D Polio, Which pathogen cannot be cured with antibiotics? Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. they are lost as we age. sAR@`c&bChM=U,:n^W#*@'P|P\(Fdhv '?t2.qzM57r%e %KO%Li'[Tqo\,j6m

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