physical geography of los angeles
window.addEvent('load', function(){ The worlds tallest tree is a redwood in an undisclosed(for protection) location in northern Californias RedwoodNational Park. As mentioned previously, the United States is the onlycountry that includes within its territory each of the worldsclimates and ecosystems. Los Angeles is a city built on a coastal plane nestled between two mountain ranges and a hilly peninsula. Here, relativelylow and scattered mountain ranges separate broad and relatively flat basins. A magnificent natural feature of Los Angeles county is the coastlines distinctive beaches, which attract millions of sun worshippers annually. The UnitedStates holds the distinction of being the only country that has withinits territory all of the worlds climates and ecosystems (a combination of climate, natural vegetation and animal life, soils, and waterfeatures). Moose, bears (black, brown, including the huge Kodiak andgrizzly, and polar), deer, and caribou thrive here. In the winter of 186162, a flood left the western part of the Los Angeles basin looking like a chain of lakes dotted with islands. Why this ax murder case fascinates, Weather: 10 reported dead in South; millions warned of winter weather, Will Smith, Chris Rock and how that infamous Oscars slap happened, Biden faces mounting pressure for a Plan B on student loan forgiveness, Cultures come together in joyous wedding dance, Haley speaks to conservative conference CPAC, one day before Trump, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. The many days of sun and comparative lack of rain add to a sense of physical well-being. Place, space, and scale serve as a framework for understanding patterns of human experience. Los Angeles's growth continues, anchored by its economic diversity. Even where nature imposes achallenge, such as in the arid West, settlers have found ways tomake the land bountiful. First and foremost,climate is the major control of ecosystems. The citys defenders admire its mild climate and geographic variety. Place Area (Square Kilometers in Parentheses) Geographic Coordinates; Land Water Total; Los Angeles County: 690.16: 34.196398 -118.261862: Acton*: 39.26 (101.68) Eastward,the plains drop very gradually in elevation until they reach theMissouri and Mississippi rivers. Mountainscenery, steep slopes, and a deep snowpack are important topeople who are affluent and mobile enough to enjoy vacations,skiing, and perhaps even living in a scenic landscape. /* kvuli IE */ Physical geography notes. Dependence on a river is illustrated by current problemsalong the Missouri. The extreme north-south distance is 44 mi (71 km), the extreme east-west distance is 29 mi (46.5 km), and the length of the city boundary is 342 mi (550 km). In fact, research has shown that the greater thepotential environmental risk, the higher the population densityand value of property! The region coincides withAmericas breadbasket. Excellent soils, ample moisture, andlarge expanses of flat land that allow the use of heavy equipment help make this region one of the worlds most productiveagricultural areas. Access study documents, get answers to your study questions, and connect with real tutors for GEOGRAPHY 001 : Physical Geography at Los Angeles Pierce College. wg_archivovat('_uvodni', 'ajax/united-states/california/los-angeles-county/los-angeles/maps/physical-map/?_uvodni=1&_lehni=1&_say_goodbye=1&_jtzs=a&_j[]=mm&_bi=1&_archiv=1', wg_adresa_cela); Thanks to automating the complex process of turning data into map graphics, we are able to create maps in higher quality, faster and cheaper than was possible before. The city is bordered to the west and southwest by the PACIFIC OCEAN. The value of a map gallery is not determined by the number of pictures, but by the possibility to see the world from many different perspectives. The Pacific Coast is the most hazard-prone area of theUnited States. The name was eventually shortened to Los Angeles. In the Southeast, the Tennessee, Cumberland, and other rivers were transformed by one of the worldsmost massive reclamation projects. Knowledge of geography of the area where revenue will be collected ; . It covers an area of 163,696 square miles, making it the third largest state in terms of size behind Alaska and Texas. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. However, the region is home to some of the worlds most spectacularlandform features that result from water erosion: ArizonasGrand Canyon National Park and Utahs Bryce Canyon, Zion,and Arches national parks and Cedar Breaks National Monument. Political trailblazers: She was in Congress before women had the right to vote. With the exception of Alaska and Hawaii, the United Stateslies within the easily developed and environmentally less-challengingtemperate midlatitudes. position: absolute; This map of Los Angeles uses Plate Carree projection. Historical Research, Evidence, and Point of View 4. 5. Rptr. mh_atlas.set('s', 'atlas/33n30-118w00/maps/physical-map/'); The San Gabriel, Santa Monica, and Santa Ana Mountains surround the basin. The city was selected as the southern California rail terminus because its natural harbor seemed to offer little challenge to San Francisco, home of the railroad barons. Many other steps can be taken. physical geography of los angeles. mahak08 The physical geography influenced The location of the largest US cities, such as New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago Because water travel was the primary mode of transportation when these cities were first established, they are situated close to water. It has been said that Maphill maps are worth a thousand words. Physical geography 102522. Many of the basins have interior drainage,or no outward flow. Situated in Southern California is Los Angeles the largest and the most populous city in California. Diverse Societies Face Change, 1900 Hurricane (Galveston, Texas) 6,00012,000, 1928 Hurricane (Florida Atlantic Coast) 2,500, 1889 Flood (Johnstown, Pennsylvania) 2,210, 2005 Hurricane (New Orleans andLouisiana and Mississippi coasts) 2,000, 1893 Hurricane (Sea Islands ofSouth Carolina and Georgia) 1,500, 1906 Earthquake (San Francisco,California) 5003,000. 340 feet above sea level, Average Temperatures: As California leans more Democratic in general, conservative Democrats are becoming rarer even in the places where . Nature presents many challenges, as well as opportunities. 31,068 Full-Time Undergraduates. The western portion, the Great Plains, lies west of a line that roughlycoincides with the 100th meridian and includes portions ofTexas, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, North and SouthDakota, and Montana. Author of. The California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) blooms profusely in the spring near Lancaster, some 80 miles (130 km) north of the city, and the native chaparral blankets the mountains. Located in the Los Angeles basin, the city is 470 square mi (1,215 square km). University of California Los Angeles. Many of Alaskas towering, snow-clad mountains also areof fault block origin, including the Alaska Range. The Colorado Plateau, composed of alternating layers ofsandstone and limestone, is centered on the Southwests FourCorners area, where the states of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico,and Arizona meet. It is also the 2nd most populous city in the United States. 3d 702 [100 Cal. Prolonged rains or shorter intense downpours can trigger mud slides (more properly debris slides), especially after fires have stripped hillsides of their vegetation. ALI ALSHAHIBI. This map is available in a common image format. Netflix adaptation. In the Southwest, the Rio Grande and Colorado River flowsouthward across desert landscapes. From the catalog you can access course information, curriculum information, programs and services, academic calendars, view academic programs and degrees, and find contact information for the many departments and programs on campus. Mystery writer Raymond Chandler wrote that during these red winds, Meek little wives feel the edge of the carving knife and study their husbands necks.. Physical Geography Laboratory . Despite the summerdrought and lack of storms, much of the region receives 30 to50 inches (75 to 125 centimeters) of rainfall annually. This textbook was designed especially for College of the Canyons students, as a resource to instill the knowledge and adventure that the discipline of geography holds for so many of us. Get started for free! See More by this Creator. In fact, many peoplebelieve the Mediterranean to be the worlds most pleasantenvironment. No doubt about that. They claim that its major social problems are similar to those of all big cities and are perhaps even less severe there than elsewhere. Finally, if there is any truth to the statement variety is thespice of life, then Americans are indeed fortunate. A torrent of water with a volume estimated to have been 10 times that of the entire worldsriver flow was unleashed. Across much of this region stretch the parched and hostile landscapes of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts. All other climates occursomewhere within the adjoining 48 states. When thinking about cultural ecology, geographers seekanswers to three questions. This physical map of Los Angeles is one of them. California, the third largest state in the United States, measures 560 miles from west to east and 1040 miles from north to south at its widest and longest. Here, shallow soils and a veryshort growing season support a stunted ecosystem dominatedby mosses, lichens, clump grasses, and hardy flowering plants. Maps are assembled and kept in a high resolution vector format throughout the entire process of their creation. Explore the world.Discover the beauty hidden in the maps. Physical Geography ; Geography lecture notes; Geography Chapter 1- Introduction; Geography Chapter 2 - Notes; Geography Chapter 3 - Notes; Geography Chapter 4 Notes; Geography Chapter 5 Notes; Geography Chapter 14 . During the Pleistocene (ice age),glaciers reached into the United States as far south as the Ohioand Missouri rivers and also formed in many of the highermountain ranges. Maps are served from a large number of servers spread all over the world. Physical georaphy 11 3 22; Read about the styles and map projection used in the above map (Physical Map of Los Angeles). Bookmark Quiz . Birds, marine life,and mammals large and small abound in the eastern UnitedStates. Maphill maps are and will always be available for free. Volcanoes dot the landscape from the Cascades northward into Alaska and, of course,in Hawaii. Great for launching lectures and sparking discussion, 13 ABC video segments feature over 30 minutes of footage of natural hazards and disasters. Moisture is adequate throughoutthe year, although much of it comes in the form of snow thatcan fall during any month in some locations. All rights reserved. Los Angeles (L.A.), officially the City of Los Angeles, is a city in Southern California, in the United States. It includes a group of inland valleys, a coastal plain separated by low mountains that are interspersed with steep passes, an arc of still higher mountains, and a long seacoast. Meanwhile, hundreds of exotic flowers, shrubs, and trees have been introduced. California alone canboast of three enviable world records held by trees growingthere. Water erosion is primarily responsible for theregions towering cliffs, many natural bridges and arches, anddeep gorges. The Angels), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in California. Here, all three of naturesland-building processesvolcanism, faulting, and foldingareat work. Eight national parks in southern Utah alone featurelandscapes that were formed by water erosion. Just like any other image. Each map type has its advantages. This combined area covers 35,000 square miles or more than 90,000 square kilometers. Fear is mostly present al lower altitudes, while comfort is present in vicinity of the mountain ranges. wg_adresa_cela="united-states/california/los-angeles-county/los-angeles/maps/physical-map/"; Varied climatic conditions are important for several reasons. Of the regions two seasons, one is a dry and moderately warm spell lasting roughly from April to November; the second is a wet, moderately cool, but rarely frigid period extending from November to April. Barges can navigate the rivers upstream to Minneapolis-St. It provides programming and entertainment in 14 languages, including Arabic, Armenian, Khmer, Cantonese-Chinese, English, Farsi, Hindi, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin-Chinese, Tagalog, Urdu, and Vietnamese. Despite the great allure of the regions natural environment, its other, less desirable elementsprolonged droughts, torrential rains, pounding surf, mud slides, wind-fanned fires, and especially earthquakespose serious challenges to human occupation. Salt and sulfur, for example, can reduce water quality. 2 pages 2022/2023 None. mh_priprav_bookmark("united-states/california/los-angeles-county/los-angeles/maps/physical-map/"); Los Angeles sits between two tectonic plates, the Pacific plate and the North American Plate, and the most notable fault line is the San Andreas. The Scablands are a lunar-like landscape of bare rock. Key Facts California is a U.S. state located on the west coast of North America, bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and Mexico to the south. It too has a varied topography, climbing from sea level at the beach community of Venice to Mount Lukens, which rises above 5,100 feet (1,550 metres). The above outline map represents the State of California, located in the western (Pacific) region of the United States. Rivers, lakes, and groundwater supplies haveprovided ample water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use. One can stand in a beautiful Mediterranean-type landscape on the slope of 10,000-foot(3,050-meter) Mount Puu Ulaula and be within roughly 6miles (10 kilometers) of nearly all of Earths ecosystemsfromsteaming tropical rain forest to water-starved desert and subpolar conditions. mountains, and the occasional flash floods in the canyon areas, causing Ironically, the nations safest areastheGreat Plains and much of the Great Basinhave the lowestpopulation density, the highest out-migration, and the lowestproperty values. The city stretches north to the foothills mh_atlas_img_load = (function() { Some locations may go years withoutexperiencing snowfall, something unheard of east of the Cascades. It is home to the countrys greatest mountainranges, its highest (and tallest) mountains, and some of thecontinents most stunning scenery. By mucciniale. Moving inland, uplands giveway in several locations to fertile valleys that rank among thecountrys most productive agricultural areas. On an average day, 92 million vehicle miles are driven in Los Angeles County. Sure, this physical map is nice. Quiz Lab. Regarding human geography, California's population reaches nearly 40 million people making it home to one out of every eight Americans. At the extremes are frigid arctic conditions in northern Alaska, the steaming tropics of Hawaii, andthe parched deserts of the Southwest. Save. Earths atmosphere, lithosphere,hydrosphere, and biosphere all wreak havoc on land and property and often take a toll on human life. The Central Valley, which is known for its extensive agricultural production. wg_ad_bude(); Although their windscan be destructive, the greatest damage is caused by water. Established in 1911, the Department of Geography consistently ranks among the top departments in the United States. At the same time, Silicon Valley has been long-established as a tech hub in the U.S. Requisition Number: JPF07983. In the far north, they tendto be thin, acidic, and generally poor. Look at Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, United States from different perspectives. California geography. In northern Arizona, the Colorado River scoured the spectacular Grand Canyon. The Colorado River is controlled by eight dams and reservoirs, including Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell on theUtah-Arizona border and Hoover Dam and Lake Mead justeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. The Rio Grande flows from the Colorado Rockies, throughcentral New Mexico, and into Texas, where it forms the borderbetween the United States and Mexico. Second, what natural elements are important to a people andhow are natural resources used? During the winter of 19981999, itwas buried beneath an incredible 1,140 inches, or 95 feet (2,896centimeters, or 29 meters), of snow! Thanks to our partnership with Booking.com you can take advantage of up to 50% discounts for hotels in many locations in the area of California. For a halfcentury,ships have been able to pass between the Great Lakes and theAtlantic by way of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. throughout the year. San Diego County/Imperial County in Southern California's border region with Mexico. To share in this scarce water resourceand to receive much-needed police and fire protectionneighbouring communities elected to join the city. Embed the above physical map of Los Angeles into your website. Even a few nocturnal mountain lions, a protected species, live in the hilly parts of Beverly Hills, Tarzana, and Chatsworth. Huge floods have periodically inundated large parts of Los Angeles, and much human effort has gone into confining the waterways within concrete channels. Each environment is wellsuitedto some activity, assuming that the culture,technology, and capital resources can support human needs anddesires. University of California Los Angeles; University of Houston-Clear Lake; Southern New Hampshire University; Keiser University; . Critics refer to it either as a laid-back la-la land or, conversely, as a place reeling from earthquakes, fire, smog, gang warfare, and riots. Q: class: PHSC 1404 Physical Geography 10523 question 1.) Somenorthern locations have a January temperature average thatranges between 0 and 10F (?12 to ?18C). This aquifer is being mined at a rate much greater than itsrecharge. The endangered El Segundo blue butterfly (Euphilotes battoides allyni) is native to the county. Bempedoic acid just passed a key test, Tanker explosion kills driver, damages homes in Frederick, Maryland, Rachael Ray to end daytime talk show after 17 years on the air, Woman in Washington state claims $754.6 million Powerball jackpot, Grizzlies' Ja Morant taking time away 'to get help' after gun incident. Nevada is the nations driest state, with an annualaverage of 9 inches (23 centimeters) of precipitation, and LasVegas is the driest city, receiving about 4 inches (10 centimeters)of moisture each year. The San Gabriel, Santa Monica, and Santa Ana Mountains surround the basin. Researchers at United States Geology Service predict there is a 7 percent chance of an 8.0 magnitude earthquake in the next 30 years. Throughout the winter months, the nations low temperatureis often recorded in spots such as Wisdom, Montana; Stanley,Idaho; or even Bellemont, Arizona. As home to the film, television, and recording industries, as well as important cultural facilities, Los Angeles serves as a principal global cultural center. Both streams are of fargreater importance than their relatively small volume of watermight suggest. Juan Crespi, a Franciscan friar and colleague of missionary Junpero Serras, chronicled the expedition led by Gaspar de Portol in 1769 and noted that a temblor lasting as long as half an Ave Maria toppled a soldier from his horse as they crossed the Santa Ana River. The Sierra Nevada, central Californias towering backbone, is an excellent example of an uplifted fault block range. Shaded relief map shows topographic features of the surface. Inboth climate zones, but particularly in the southeastern UnitedStates, a considerable amount of land that was once cleared foragriculture is being returned to woodland. Boyle Heights Y Diaz "Los Angeles is a different kind of cityMany residents of Los Angeles have never seen a map of Los Angeles. Coastal southern California alsoobtains water from streams that flow from the Sierra Nevada. Five Themes Of Geography: Los Angeles Location Absolute Location: Longitude 118.15 W, Latitude 34.04 N Relative Location Located near the Southern California coast Functionally Regions Regions Formal Regions perceptional Regions Place: Physical Characteristics: Human Characteristics: Human Environment Interaction Movement Goods being transported by water had tobe placed on land-based vehicles (and vice versa) in a processcalled break in bulk. Warehouses often developed around suchsites to take advantage of the need for storage. Located in the Los Angeles basin, the city is 470 square mi (1,215 square km). A road map of California in the Los Angeles area. mh_atlas.set('ne', 'atlas/34n25-117w10/maps/physical-map/'); Current Geography courses are Geography 1 (Physical Geography), Geography 2 (Cultural Geography), Geography 14 (Geography of California), Geography 15 (Physical Geography Laboratory). Los Angeles ( lawss-_-an-JL-s; Spanish: Los ngeles lit. mh_priprav_lnk(wg_adresa_lnk); The Northeast experiences a humid continental climate. The population topped 3 million during the 1980s. Corn Belt soils of the Midwest, however, are among the richestin the world. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Chester Himes - If He Hollers Let Him Go. Despite its largely humid tropical climate, Hawaii has anamazing diversity of microclimatic conditions and resultingecosystems. Enrich your blog with quality map graphics. Water from the Great Lakes reaches the AtlanticOcean through Canadas St. Lawrence River. The most dangerous areas are the Pacific Coast states and theeastern half of the country. Because nearly every kind of plant can grow in the area, the flora is exceptionally varied. The city of Los Angeles covers a total area of 502.7 square miles (1,302 km 2 ), comprising 468.7 square miles (1,214 km 2) of land and 34.0 square miles (88 km 2) of water. The definition of physical geography is any form of geography that pertains to the natural world and natural phenomena. The United States is the only country bordered by three of theworlds oceansthe Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Arctic. Winterstend to be mild. Make the web a more beautiful place. With numerous colourful diagrams and maps, the book makes the concepts . Geographic coordinates of Los Angeles, California, USA in WGS 84 coordinate system which is a standard in cartography, geodesy, and navigation, including Global Positioning System (GPS). The central Pacific weather pattern known as El Nio has sometimes (but not always) produced more than twice the average precipitation in a given rainy season. Yet these areas are precisely wherethe great majority of Americans live. Most of the familiar palm trees are exotics, as are the eucalyptus and pepper trees. Within the contextof a particular culture, certain environmental conditions can beimportant. mh_archivovat_pak_adresa = ''; The drawback of the Plate Carree projection is that it doesn't make an attempt to compensate for these distortions. In addition, you may also be offered a competitive bonus and/or commission plan, which complements a first-class total rewards package Benefits/Incentive Information including health benefits, PTO, 401K . In alphabetical order, these counties are: Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Contra Costa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Humboldt, Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Lake, Lassen, Los Angeles, Madera, Marin, Mariposa, Mendocino, Merced, Modoc, Mono, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, Orange, Placer, Plumas, Riverside, Sacramento, San Benito, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare, Tuolumne, Ventura, Yolo, and Yuba. It claimed 61 lives and caused over $20 billion in property damage. Other large animals thatroam the plains include deer, elk, and antelope. With Physical Geography (1 and 15) a student can satisfy Physical Science and Lab transfer requirements. of the Santa Monica Mountains and is bounded by the San Gabriel Mountains Included among these stations is KSCI Channel 18, which is Los Angeles County's most linguistically diverse television station and the leading Asian language television station in the United States. Physical map illustrates the mountains, lowlands, oceans, lakes and rivers and other physical landscape features of Los Angeles. Green color represents lower elevations, orange or brown indicate higher elevations, shades of grey are used for the highest mountain . Regionally, it is divided into the Atlanticand Gulf coastal plains. mh_priprav_atlas(); Driestconditions occur in the western portion of the region: Much ofthe Corn Belt receives an average 20 to 40 inches (50 to 100 centimeters) of moisture. $38,373 - $46,783 24% of jobs $46,784 - $55,193 8% of jobs The average salary is $59,692 a year $55,194 - $63,604 14% of jobs $63,605 - $72,014 After the 2000 census, the foreign-born population was 1.5 million, which was 41 percent of the city's total population. It lies within the Pacific Ring (or Rim) of Fire,a zone of geologic instability that encompasses most of Earthsseismic and volcanic activity. 58.8% Percent Women. Throughout much ofthe South, soils were destroyed by poor agricultural practices. In all instances, figures are estimates, some of which vary greatly: Such figures are quite alarming, but to put them in perspective, the total of the above list is 29,000 deaths. WhetherAmerindian or European, most early settlements developedaround reliable sources of freshwater. Geography is the study of the physical and cultural . The best is that Maphill lets you look at each place from many different angles. Los Angeles International Airport is served by 68 different passenger carriers and serves over 30 million passengers annually. The area that lies west of the mountains is the wettest portion of the continental United States. Its namecomes from its location: pied (foot) and mont (mountain). Its weather patterns are mainly driven by two large ocean currents: El Nio/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The Basin, part of Death Valley, is remarkably the lowest point in North America as well. In fact, millions of people, huge cities, and billions of dollars in agricultural production depend on their flow. Fog, wind speed, and elevation also determine temperature. A. the world in spatial terms B. human systems C. environments and societies D. physical systems Course Description: This course introduces students to fundamental concepts, skills, and practices of human geography. UCLA researchers today published the Biodiversity Atlas of Los Angeles, which will help scientists and residents alike better understand Los Angeles' unique environment and see how native, nonnative and endangered species are distributed across the county. Natural harbors located at or near river mouths, forexample, are extremely important to a country that is engagedin manufacturing and commerce on a global scale. January, 57.0 F; August, 72.0 F; annual average, googletag.enableServices(); Satellite map shows the land surface as it really looks like. Below the mountain peaks are canyons, valleys, deserts, rivers, lakes and ocean beaches. Twenty of the stations are in Spanish and nine others are in languages other than English including, Chinese, Korean, and Iranian. Such patterns often varygreatly from culture to culture and also change through time. The Los Angeles area is home to 29 television stations. In July 1998, the National Geographic Society publisheda map entitled Natural Hazards of North America, which showsthe distribution of 11 environmental hazards. Altogether, there are over 21,000 mi (33,796 km) of public roads in the county. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("kontinent", ["2", "north-america", "North America"]); If any of Maphill's maps inspire you to come to Los Angeles, we would like to offer you access to wide selection of nearby hotels at low prices and with great customer service. The plateau has many cinder cones, juniper flats, pine forests, and seasonal lakes. Mountains, valleys, plains, and other such places are landforms. Use the buttons for Facebook, Twitter or Google+ to share a link to this physical map of Los Angeles. First, forecasting has greatly improved: Peoplecan be alerted to many impending events well in advance,thereby allowing them to take necessary precautions. } Basin-and-range topography dominates the regionbetween the Sierra Nevada and the Cascades and eastwardto the Rocky Mountains and western Texas. } else { Geomorphology refers to the physical features and processes of landforms, and their relation to geologic structures. Los Angeles America's second largest city was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes and expanded with settlers from Spain, Mexico and then gold prospectors, land speculators, laborers, oil. Maphill is the largest map gallery on the web. The towering giant, named Hyperion, reachesa height of 379 feet (115.5 meters).