huguenot surnames in germany

The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress. Many came from the region of the Cvennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozre. Some Huguenot preachers and congregants were attacked as they attempted to meet for worship. 24 July, A.D. 1550. French became the language of the educated elite and of the court at Potsdam on the outskirts of Berlin. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled on a small island. In Bad Karlshafen, Hessen, Germany is the Huguenot Museum and Huguenot archive. They arrange tours, talks, events and schools programmes to raise the Huguenot profile in Spitalfields and raise funds for a permanent memorial to the Huguenots. As a major Protestant nation, England patronised and helped protect Huguenots, starting with Queen Elizabeth I in 1562,[85] with the first Huguenots settling in Colchester in 1565. [25][26], The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, Arpitan or Franco-Provenal, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer Peter Waldo (Pierre de Vaux). In 1685, Rev. Two years later, with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Protestants gained equal rights as citizens.[4]. Thousands of Huguenots were in Paris celebrating the marriage of Henry of Navarre to Marguerite de Valois on Saint Bartholomew's Day, August 24, 1572. The surname Martin of French origin (see 1 above) is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified . He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. A large monument to commemorate the arrival of the Huguenots in South Africa was inaugurated on 7 April 1948 at Franschhoek. [9] Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560) in his De l'Estat de France offered the following account as to the origin of the name, as cited by The Cape Monthly: Reguier de la Plancha accounts for it [the name] as follows: "The name huguenand was given to those of the religion during the affair of Amboyse, and they were to retain it ever since. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in La Rochelle, and also spread across provinces of Normandy and Poitou. Some of the earliest to arrive in Australia held prominent positions in English society, notably, Others who came later were from poorer families, migrating from England in the 19th and early 20th centuries to escape the poverty of. ", Kurt Gingrich, "'That Will Make Carolina Powerful and Flourishing': Scots and Huguenots in Carolina in the 1680s. Trim, . Even before the Edict of Als (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sret was no more. They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 180607. [11][12] By 1911, there was still no consensus in the United States on this interpretation. She has taught genealogy and has written books and articles on the subject, including Tracing Your Huguenot Ancestors and Tracing Your Family Tree in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. When Paul Roux, a pastor who arrived with the main group of Huguenots, died in 1724, the Dutch administration, as a special concession, permitted another French cleric to take his place "for the benefit of the elderly who spoke only French". It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The Huguenot emigrants were different from the Dutch and German settlers who made up the average population of the Cape Colony. When in 1808 a law signed by Napoleon forced all French Jews to take hereditary surnames, local Jews retained the family names they used for many centuries such as Crmieu (x), Milhaud, Monteux . After the British Conquest of New France, British authorities in Lower Canada tried to encourage Huguenot immigration in an attempt to promote a Francophone Protestant Church in the region, hoping that French-speaking Protestants would be more loyal clergy than those of Roman Catholicism. [86] There was a small naval Anglo-French War (16271629), in which the English supported the French Huguenots against King Louis XIII. Their Principles Delineated; Their Character Illustrated; Their Sufferings and Successes Recorded by William Henry Foote; Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1870 - 627, The Huguenots: History and Memory in Transnational Context: Essays in Honour and Memory of by Walter C. Utt, From a Far Country: Camisards and Huguenots in the Atlantic World by Catharine Randall, Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhsz, Guido Latr (eds), Fischer, David Hackett, "Champlain's Dream", 2008, Alfred A. Knopf Canada, article on EIDupont says he did not even emigrate to the US and establish the mills until after the French Revolution, so the mills were not operating for theAmerican revolution. That decree will only produce its effects for the future. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. By the time of his death in 1774, Calvinism had been nearly eliminated from France. The most Hubert families were found in USA in 1880. Geneva was John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. Many researchers are challenged by the following list of obstacles, including: But many took the risk . The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. In 1654, additional grants were given and shelters were built as centers for trading with the Leni-Lennapes. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. The origin of the name is uncertain, but it appears to have come from the word aignos, derived from the German Eidgenossen (confederates bound together by oath), which used to describe, between 1520 and 1524, the patriots of Geneva hostile to the duke of Savoy. QC, in 1761. Typically the Annual French Service takes place on the first or second Sunday after Easter in commemoration of the signing of the Edict of Nantes. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France. [citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. Some Huguenot immigrants settled in central and eastern Pennsylvania. Manifesto, (or Declaration of Principles), of the French Protestant Church of London, Founded by Charter of Edward VI. The surname Cordes is most commonly associated with Germany, Belgium, France and Spain. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy. . By the time Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Huguenots accounted for 800,000 to 1million people. In the south, towns like Castres, Montauban, Montpellier and Nimes were Huguenot strongholds. The Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958-1966 was born in the Netherlands. In 1565 the Spanish decided to enforce their claim to La Florida, and sent Pedro Menndez de Avils, who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline. Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to 'little Hugos', or 'those who want Hugo'.[6]. The roads to Geneva and the Valais region led to Lausanne, which was densely . Tension with Paris led to a siege by the royal army in 1622. Other refugees practised the variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community as distinct from the indigenous population. He died on 6 May 2001, in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, at the age of 70, and was buried in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Dutch and Walloon Calvinists arrived in force in Elizabethan England - there were over 15,000 foreign Protestants in the country in the 1590s, the majority Dutch and almost all of the remainder Walloon and Huguenot - but few needed to come once the independence of the United Provinces was secured. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. Calvinists lived primarily in the Midi; about 200,000 Lutherans accompanied by some Calvinists lived in the newly acquired Alsace, where the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia effectively protected them. The Huguenots were French Protestants most of whom eventually came to follow the teachings of John Calvin, and who, due to religious persecution, were forced to flee France to other countries in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Although 19th-century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry,[101][102] this is contentious. For over 150 years, Huguenots were allowed to hold their services in Lady Chapel in St. Patrick's Cathedral. [74] Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbour at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighbourhood now known as Bushwick. [citation needed], In World War II, Huguenots led by Andr Trocm in the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in Cvennes helped save many Jews. One of the more notable Huguenot descendants in Ireland was Sen Lemass (18991971), who was appointed as Taoiseach, serving from 1959 until 1966. [77] Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. The British government ignored the complaints made by local craftsmen about the favouritism shown to foreigners. Retaliating against the French Catholics, the Huguenots had their own militia. By 1687 Huguenots made up about 20 percent of the population of Berlin, making Berlin seem almost as much a French town as a German one. Inhabited by Camisards, it continues to be the backbone of French Protestantism. Since then, it sharply decreased as the Huguenots were no longer tolerated by both the French royalty and the Catholic masses. It sought an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. A rural Huguenot community in the Cevennes that rebelled in 1702 is still being called Camisards, especially in historical contexts. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696,[113] and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. The early immigrants settled in Franschhoek ("French Corner") . The Portuguese threatened their Protestant prisoners with death if they did not convert to Roman Catholicism. "Trees without roots fall over!" ""People who never look backward to their ancestors will never look forward to posterity." - Edmund Burke. While many family histories are given at length . By 1562, the estimated number of Huguenots peaked at approximately two million, concentrated mainly in the western, southern, and some central parts of France, compared to approximately sixteen million Catholics during the same period. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. ), Swiss political leader) of dialectal eyguenot, from German dialectal Eidgenosse, confederate, from Middle High German eitgenz : eit . In this last connection, the name could suggest the derogatory inference of superstitious worship; popular fancy held that Huguon, the gate of King Hugo,[7] was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet (regarded by Roman Catholics as an infamous scoundrel) and other spirits. Mine started well with 2 Huguenot children, Peter and Mary Petit, arriving from France all alone. Some of these French settlers were Calvinist or Reformed Protestants (Huguenots) who fled religious persecution in France. [69] The largest portion of the Huguenots to settle in the Cape arrived between 1688 and 1689 in seven ships as part of the organised migration, but quite a few arrived as late as 1700; thereafter, the numbers declined and only small groups arrived at a time.[70]. [95][96] Many became private tutors, schoolmasters, travelling tutors and owners of riding schools, where they were hired by the upper class.[97]. You can see a list of Huguenot surnames at Huguenot-France.org and another list of those who migrated to the UK and Ireland at LibraryIreland. As a result Protestants are still a religious minority in Quebec today. "Genealogical Research in Nova Scotia" by Terrance Punch - ISBN 1-55109-235-2 - Terry is a professionally accredited Canadian genealogist who specializes in immigration from Ireland, Germany and Montbliard (Huguenot Protestants French-Swiss border area). Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. These surnames are most common in South Africa due to the immigration of the French Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century. The French Wars of Religion precluded a return voyage, and the outpost was abandoned. [16] Hans J. Hillerbrand, an expert on the subject, in his Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set claims the Huguenot community reached as much as 10% of the French population on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, declining to 7 to 8% by the end of the 16th century, and further after heavy persecution began once again with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685. [29], Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 14551536). Those Huguenots who stayed in France were subsequently forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism and were called "new converts". A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629 in which the Reformed areas revolted against royal authority. The Huguenots of the state opposed the monopoly of power the Guise family had and wanted to attack the authority of the crown. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. The persecution and the flight of the Huguenots greatly damaged the reputation of Louis XIV abroad, particularly in England. [27] The Waldensians created fortified areas, as in Cabrires, perhaps attacking an abbey. English (of French Huguenot origin): Anglicized form of French Le Groux (see Groux) or Le Greux. Winston Churchill was the most prominent Briton of Huguenot descent, deriving from the Huguenots who went to the colonies; his American grandfather was Leonard Jerome. Most Cordes families in the United States come from Germany but many of them have family histories that claim French or Spanish origins. At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.[114]. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. [78] Howard Hughes, famed investor, pilot, film director, and philanthropist, was also of Huguenot descent and descendant from Rev. John Gano. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). . Michael Thomas (Thomas-10705): Johann LeBachelle (Lebachelle-13) - according to family lore, emigrated from France to Kaiserslautern, Germany c1685. Some fled as refugees to the Dutch Cape Colony, the Dutch East Indies, various Caribbean colonies, and several of the Dutch and English colonies in North America. While a small amount of Huguenots did come, the majority switched from speaking French to English. gt. Various hypotheses have been promoted. Previous to the erection of it, the strong men would often walk twenty-three miles on Saturday evening, the distance by the road from New Rochelle to New York, to attend the Sunday service. D.J.B. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. Gaspard de Coligny was among the first to fall at the hands of a servant of the Duke de . The Portuguese executed them. Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. Dutch immigrants were among the first groups of European settlers. Frenchtown in New Jersey bears the mark of early settlers.[22]. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary. Get the full huguenotstreet.org Analytics and market share drilldown here The superstition of our ancestors, to within twenty or thirty years thereabouts, was such that in almost all the towns in the kingdom they had a notion that certain spirits underwent their Purgatory in this world after death, and that they went about the town at night, striking and outraging many people whom they found in the streets. The English authorities welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. The "Hugues hypothesis" argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of France,[6] who reigned long before the Reformation. By the start of the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years' War, a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 17591760.[119]. John Calvin was a Frenchman and himself largely responsible for the introduction and spread of the Reformed tradition in France. Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt (15681609). The Huguenots of religion were influenced by John Calvin's works and established Calvinist synods. These included villages in and around the Massif Central, as well as the area around Dordogne, which used to be almost entirely Reformed too. huguenotstreet.org is ranked #2002 in the Hobbies and Leisure > Ancestry and Genealogy category and #7843378 Globally according to January 2023 data. The fort was destroyed in 1560 by the Portuguese, who captured some of the Huguenots. Examples of Huguenot surnames are: Agombar, Beauchamp, Bosanquet, Boucher/Bouchar, Bruneau, Chapeau, Deschamps, Dupont, Du Preez/Pree, Lamerie, Lepage, Martin, Rondeaux, Vernier and Vincent. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. [18] He wrote in French, but unlike the Protestant development in Germany, where Lutheran writings were widely distributed and could be read by the common man, it was not the case in France, where only nobles adopted the new faith and the folk remained Catholic. [93][94] The immigrants assimilated well in terms of using English, joining the Church of England, intermarriage and business success. Page 449. The Huguenot Museum in Bad Karlshafen, Germany has some fascinating exhibits. Several picture galleries can be viewed online, including Huguenot trades [Hugenottisches . Past and current members have joined the Huguenot Society of America by right of descent from the following Huguenot ancestors who qualify under the constitution of the Society. [16], Huguenots controlled sizeable areas in southern and western France. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest. By then, most Protestants were Cvennes peasants. Local church records and histories are very helpful in that regard. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, who was assassinated by a Catholic fanatic in 1610. In the 18th century Germany looked to France as the model of civilization. In 1840 there were 10 Hubert families living in Louisiana. In Paris the spirit was called le moine bourr; at Orlans, le mulet odet; at Blois le loup garon; at Tours, le Roy Huguet; and so on in other places. Eric J. Roth, "From Protestant International to Hudson Valley Provincial: A Case Study of Language Use and Ethnicity in New Paltz, New York, 16781834". [13], The Huguenot cross is the distinctive emblem of the Huguenots (croix huguenote). The WikiTree Huguenot Migration Project defines "Huguenot" to include any French-speaking Protestants (whatever branch or denomination) that left (emigrated from) their homeland (France or borderlands such as Provence, Navarre or the Spanish-Netherlands - today's Belgium) due to religious persecution or intolerance. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Wrttemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatine Zweibrcken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony.

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